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<Article>
<Story>
<Running_footer_right>Vos</Running_footer_right>
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<Running_footer_right>Die opname van ŉ Jobgedig in enkele eietydse gedigte</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

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<Running_footer_right>Original Research</Running_footer_right>
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<Running_footer_right>Original Research</Running_footer_right>
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<Story>
<Running_footer_right>Verbum et Ecclesia</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

<Story>
<Running_footer_right>Article #387</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

<Story>
<Running_footer_right>Verbum et Ecclesia</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

<Story>
<Running_footer_right>Article #387</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

<Story>
<Running_footer_right>http://www.ve.org.za</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

<Story>
<Running_footer_right>Verbum et Ecclesia</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

<Story>
<Running_footer_right>Verbum et Ecclesia</Running_footer_right>
</Story>

<Story>
<Running_footer_right>http://www.ve.org.za</Running_footer_right>
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<Story>
<Title>Die opname van ‘n Jobgedig in enkele eietydse gedigte</Title>
</Story>

<Story>
<Institution_details>Author: </Institution_details>

<Author_name>Cas J.A. Vos1</Author_name>

<Author_name/>

<Author_name>Affiliation:</Author_name>

<Normal>1Fakulteit van Teologie, Universiteit van Pretoria, Suid-Afrika</Normal>

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<Normal>Correspondence to: </Normal>

<Normal>Cas Vos</Normal>

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<Normal>email: </Normal>

<Normal>cas.vos@up.ac.za</Normal>

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<Normal>Postal address: </Normal>

<Normal>Fakulteit van Teologie, Universiteit van Pretoria, Hatfieldstraat, Pretoria 0002, Suid-Afrika</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Keywords:</Normal>

<Bodytext>gedig; Job; antieke teks; opname; eietyds</Bodytext>

<Bodytext/>

<Bodytext>Dates:</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Received: 08 Apr. 2010</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Accepted: 10 June 2010</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Published: 07 Oct. 2010</Bodytext>

<Bodytext/>

<Bodytext>How to cite this article:</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Vos, C.J.A., 2010, ‘Die opname van ‘n Jobgedig in enkele eietydse gedigte’, Verbum et Ecclesia 31(1), Art. #387,  4 pages. DOI:10.4102/ve.v31i1.387</Bodytext>

<Bodytext/>

<Bodytext>This article is available</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>at:</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>http://www.ve.org.za</Bodytext>

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<Bodytext>© 2010. The Authors.</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Licensee: OpenJournals</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Publishing. This work</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>is licensed under the</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Creative Commons</Bodytext>

<Bodytext>Attribution License.</Bodytext>
</Story>

<Story>
<_No_paragraph_style_>ABSTRACT</_No_paragraph_style_>

<_No_paragraph_style_>The reception of a Job poem in some contemporary poems</_No_paragraph_style_>

<_No_paragraph_style_>This article investigates the intertextual influence of an ancient poem on a few modern-day poems. Other literary creations on which ancient poems have left their mark also come to the fore. The ancient poem under discussion here is a Job poem. This study reveals the remarkable creative influence that Job has exerted on literature. In Afrikaans poetry, a range of poets have concerned themselves with Job in their work. This article explores one such unpublished Afrikaans poem and an English translation thereof in order to point out how contemporary and relevant the Job poem really is.</_No_paragraph_style_>

<_No_paragraph_style_/>
</Story>

<Story>
<Normal>ENKELE GREPE UIT DIE LITERATUUR</Normal>

<Normal>Die antieke wêreld met sy ryk letterkunde is ‘n onuitputlike bron vir enige digter. Die oeroue Gilgamesj-epos kom byvoorbeeld in 11 fragmente van Cas Vos (2007) voor.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Afdrukke van Job word eweneens oral in die letterkunde aangetref. Dít is nie vreemd nie, en Greenstein (2007:83) beweer met reg: ‘The Book of Job is a drama of words. The author of Job manifests a poet’s love of words.’ Ook in die werk van Heinrich Heine, Nelly Sachs, Franz Kafka, Rose Ausländer en Eli Wiesel gewaar die leser Job se voetspore (Bodenheimer 2007:411). Job as epos vind sy hoogtepunt in John Milton se model vir sy Paradise Regained (Newsom 2007:376). Goethe se Faust toon ook duidelike raakpunte en teenstellings met Job se proloog in die hemel (Anderegg 2007:397–409).</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Job het boonop sy stempel op die Nederlandse letterkunde afgedruk. Voorbeelde van werke waarop Job een of ander vorm van invloed uitgeoefen het, is De grauwe vogels van Arthur Schendel, Drie rode rozen van Abel Herzberg, die verhaal Jobs kinderen in die bundel Een echte Kavalsky en andere verhalen van Clarissa Jacobi, en Het boek Job van Lydia Rood.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>In die Afrikaanse digkuns maak Job onder andere sy opwagting by Sheila Cussons. Haar gedig oor Job, Antwoord op Job (1990:56), loop uit op ‘n verrassende slot waar God ‘die ongeraadpleegde: Mens’ word. Dié gedig lui soos volg:</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>En toe sê Job se Here</Normal>

<Normal>het ek jou almiskien geraadpleeg</Normal>

<Normal>in die bedinking van my onmeetlikheid?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>En wát jou oogwink smart gemeet daaraan?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Jy had nog tydverdrywing: drie skimme</Normal>

<Normal>wat niks meer kon vermag as waartoe jou begrip</Normal>

<Normal>in staat was nie.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>En nou: óp, en verheug jou in die heerlikhede</Normal>

<Normal>van velde melk as jou kuddes nou honderdvoudig meer</Normal>

<Normal>die groen hellinge afstroom na nuutgespronge fonteine,</Normal>

<Normal>en huis en haard weer, vier seuns en ongeëwenaarde dogters –</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Perkamente vermolm, boeke, hoor en hoorsê,</Normal>

<Normal>maar miskien kan ek tog byvoeg:</Normal>

<Normal>Ek wás jy, Job, is, sal bly wéés: die ongeraadpleegde: Mens.</Normal>

<Normal>					(Cussons 1990)</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Dit is egter veral T.T. Cloete wat met sý Jobgedigte ‘n eietydse Job aan die leser voorstel. In Cloete se Jobgedigte het Job ‘‘n besonder / eie plek onder die verwante / geplaagdes: Verlaine, Cervantes / en Dante, / Homeros / en daardie Villon! / en Rimbaud’ (Cloete 1989:76).</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Juis dít maak Job so aktueel. Elke dag word die skare ‘geplaagdes’ lid van die Jobgeselskap. Cloete se gedig, job die tweede (1985:47), slaan op byna almal in die mensdom:</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>u laat my speel</Normal>

<Normal>met u en deel</Normal>

<Normal>u wonders mee</Normal>

<Normal>maar u liefde het twee</Normal>

<Normal>kante   kan afknou</Normal>

<Normal>of in liefde vashou</Normal>

<Normal>en moet my op my plek</Normal>

<Normal>sit as ek</Normal>

<Normal>my laat begaan</Normal>

<Normal>te na aan u   u slaan</Normal>

<Normal>my as ek hardekwas</Normal>

<Normal>teenoor u was</Normal>

<Normal>hok   mý gaan u rateltaai</Normal>

<Normal>nog om u pinkie pynlik draai</Normal>

<Normal>				(Cloete 1985)</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Die weerloosheid en nietigheid van die lydende mens staan teenoor die grootheid van God wat ‘die groot swaar aarde ophang aan niks’, soos in Cloete (1982:32) se volgende gedig oor God se majesteit:</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Ek het ondersoekend gekyk na die vae omtrekke</Normal>

<Normal>van God wat die groot swaar aarde ophang aan niks</Normal>

<Normal>en groot massas water verbind</Normal>

<Normal>in sagte wolke sonder lekke</Normal>

<Normal>hulsloos   iets wonderliks</Normal>

<Normal>sag bestand teen die hemelse wind </Normal>

<Normal>se skeurkrag   Die res is dof en gefluister</Normal>

<Normal>Een aand in my huis van klei</Normal>

<Normal>met droomtyd   die tyd van gedagtespel</Normal>

<Normal>as die engele begin vlieg   sit ek en skielik luister</Normal>

<Normal>my ore na ’n geskuifel   Daar voor my verby</Normal>

<Normal>soos my tong moet vertel</Normal>

<Normal>kom ’n wolkdun liggaamlose gees</Normal>

<Normal>maar met ’n duim kragtig soos God</Normal>

<Normal>Sonder dat ek na hom kon kyk</Normal>

<Normal>hy had geen hare geen beendere geen vlees</Normal>

<Normal>weet ek soos ’n mot</Normal>

<Normal>druk hy jou beduimelend dood   weet ek hoe lyk</Normal>

<Normal>hy presies   hoe hy jou dop</Normal>

<Normal>hou   Ek moet ophou luister na Job</Normal>

<Normal>se gefluister   Job hou op   hou op</Normal>

<Normal>				(Cloete 1982)</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Vervolgens bestudeer hierdie artikel die impulse van ‘n Jobgedig, en let dit op hoe die Jobgedig eietydse gedigte beïnvloed.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>DIE STRUKTUUR EN TEKSTUUR VAN ‘N JOBGEDIG</Normal>

<Normal>My eietydse gedig oor die skepping wat in hierdie navorsing aan die orde kom, put veral uit die magistrale Jobgedig (Job 38). Die bepaalde verwantskappe en ander perspektiewe word later in die artikel bespreek. </Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Ná die teistering van die vriende (Job 32–37) kom gedigte met ‘n kosmiese inslag na vore (Job 38–42:6). Die oorkoepelende tema kan as Vom Glauben zum Schauen beskryf word (Schwienhorst-Schönberger 2007:8).</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Die verskillende strofes kan in die Hebreeus soos volg aangedui word (Schwienhorst-Schönberger 2007:221–266; kyk ook Bezuidenhout 1986:408–453):</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>•	Job 38:1–7</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 38:8–15</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 38:16–21</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 38:22–38</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 38:39–39:4</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 39:5–12</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 39:13–25</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 39:26–30</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 40:1–5</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 40:6–14</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 40:15–24</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 40:25–41:3</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 41:4–16</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 41:17–26</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 42:1–3</Normal>

<Normal>•	Job 42:4–6</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Vir die doel van hierdie bespreking kom die strofes in Job 38 aan die orde, en wel slegs daardie strofes wat hul stempel op die eietydse gedigte afgedruk het.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Uiteindelik antwoord God in Job 38:1. Ná die proloog en die kenmerkende verbinding ‘hand van JHWH’ (Job 12:9), kom die Naam van die God van Israel, JHWH, oftewel Here, die eerste keer voor. Teen die agtergrond van die Ou Testament tref die leser hier ‘n toespeling op Eksodus 3:14 aan (Schwienhorst-Schönberger 2007:221). Job 38 bevat die boeiende paradoks, oftewel oorlewerings, van God se teenwoordigheid én afwesigheid, sy onthulling én verborgenheid.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>God praat; Hy antwoord. Met sy antwoord vervul Hy Job se verlange (Schwienhorst-Schönberger 2007:222). Op die vlak van vertelling kom daar iets nuuts aan die lig. JHWH antwoord ‘uit ‘n stormwind’. Die stormwind begelei ‘n teofanie (kyk Job 2; 4:12–19; 9:11; 9:17; 28; 38; 39). Dit bevestig: ‘die majesteit van God is ontsagwekkend’ (Job 37:22). Die spreek uit ‘n stormwind maak dit duidelik dat JHWH se spraak verhewe is bo Job en sy vriende se spraak (Boothe 2007:510; Schwienhorst-Schönberger 2007:222–223).</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Die Afrikaanse gedig en die Engelse verwerking daarvan speel eerstens toe op Job 38:4–6. In die retoriese vrae aan Job word ‘n boubeeld gebruik (Bezuidenhout 1986:418). Daar word byvoorbeeld na die lê van fondamente en die plasing van voetstukke verwys. Ook word daar gevra wie die aarde afgemeet het. In Job 38:7 is daar ‘n verwysing na die ‘môresterre’ wat ‘saam gejubel’ het toe die aarde aanmekaargesit is. In Job 38:4–38 word 40 retoriese vrae gevra. Tien temas uit die omgewing – van die skepping, die grondlegging van die aarde, tot reën en blitse – kom aan die lig. Die simboliese waarde van die getalle is onmiskenbaar (4 x 10: ‘n totaliteit wat in ál vier windrigtings strek) (Schwienhorst-Schönberger 2007:225).</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Die Afrikaanse gedig konsentreer ook op Job 38:8–9. Die see kom uit die moederskoot. Dít gee te kenne dat die see God se ‘kind’ is (Bezuidenhout 1986:420). Dié gedeelte vestig die aandag op die see en sy grense (kyk Ps 104:9). In die Ou-Testamentiese tradisie word die see as ‘n bedreiging ervaar (Berlejung 2006:314–315). God kom perk egter hierdie lewensbedreigende mag in; Hy stel grense daaraan. Hy oefen beheer uit oor die chaosmag. God het die see met wolke bedek en met donkerte toegemaak (Job 38:9).</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Die Afrikaanse gedig verwys voorts na Job 38:12. In die godsdiens van ou Sirië was Sjagar, oftewel Dagbreek, ‘n godheid. Die stryd tussen lig en duisternis kom opnuut na vore. Ná die donker breek die lig deur. Nie Sjagar nie, maar JHWH gee die lig (Schwienhorst-Schönberger 2007:227). Hy verdryf die duisternis en al die onheil. God sit, én hou, die duisternis op sy plek (Job 38:19–20).</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Job 38:22–38 verwys onder andere na die ‘sneeu’, die ‘hael’, die ‘oostewind’, die ‘stortreën’, die ‘Sewester’, die ‘Orion’ en die ‘Beer met sy kleintjies’: Alle natuurverskynsels word dus deur God beheer. Hy kan ook die natuurverskynsels (soos die hael, die oostewind en stortreën) as oordeelsmiddele gebruik. So groot is God. Aan sy heerlikheid en mag is daar geen perke nie.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>‘N EIETYDSE GEDIG OOR DIE SKEPPING</Normal>

<Normal>‘n Opvallende kenmerk van die eietydse gedig is die soortgelyke reeks retoriese vrae sowel as bepaalde inhoudelike ooreenkomste en teenstellings met die Jobteks.  Die eietydse gedig lui soos volg:</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Skepping</Normal>

<Normal>In gesprek met Job 38</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie het die aarde se lyf</Normal>

<Normal>met ‘n maatband gemeet?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie het asem goddelik</Normal>

<Normal>in haar neus geblaas?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie hou haar knus in sy handholte?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie het skares van alle uithoeke</Normal>

<Normal>genooi om met vlae en feesklere</Normal>

<Normal>sonder vloeke en gewere</Normal>

<Normal>tot nanag te dans?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie het die hemel ruim oopgespan</Normal>

<Normal>soos ‘n spieël wat helder vlam?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie versluier dáár raaisels</Normal>

<Normal>en wie laat sterre saans smeul?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie het die duisternis</Normal>

<Normal>soos ‘n lyk in doeke toegevou?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie het klokke vir eerste lig gelui?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie het die rooidag met harp en fluit</Normal>

<Normal>langs die berg se sy wakker gemaak?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie het die rasende see gesus</Normal>

<Normal>toe sy ruisend en uitspattig uit </Normal>

<Normal>die moederskoot gespartel het?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie het met die donderwolk</Normal>

<Normal>‘n kleed vir haar geweef</Normal>

<Normal>en met donkerte ‘n doek?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie het die stormwind</Normal>

<Normal>uit sy skuilplek gejaag? </Normal>

<Normal>Wie het wolke vol water</Normal>

<Normal>oor die aarde laat dreun</Normal>

<Normal>totdat hulle nate lostorring?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie het die stoorkamers </Normal>

<Normal>vir sneeu en hael gebou?</Normal>

<Normal>Wie het deure oopgesluit</Normal>

<Normal>vir die dag wanneer bloed</Normal>

<Normal>in die strate loop?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie stuur engele op mense se paaie</Normal>

<Normal>vaag met littekens van doodswonde?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Wie sien raaisels in ‘n spieël?</Normal>

<Normal>God weet</Normal>

<Normal>nie die mens nie.</Normal>

<Normal>(Vos ongepubliseerd)</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>In die Afrikaanse skeppingsgedig kom die retoriese vraag ‘wie?’ 17 keer voor. Elke vraag veronderstel ‘n antwoord: God. Dié antwoord kom egter uit die skepping. Daarom word die skepping in sy rykdom en misterie verken. Die aarde word as ‘n vrou voorgestel. Haar lyf is deur God gemeet. Meer nog, Hy het sy asem in haar neusgate geblaas. Dít gee te kenne dat sy haar lewe van Hom ontvang. Nie net gee Hy aan haar lewe nie, maar Hy hou haar ook knus in sy handholte. God is dus ook ‘n sorgsame Vader.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Mense van alle uithoeke word genooi om oor haar bestaan fees te vier. Alle geweld (‘vloeke en gewere’) word afgelê – daar is net plek vir vreugde en dans tot die nanag.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Vervolgens word daar retories na die oorsprong van die hemel gevra: ‘Wie het die hemel ruim oopgespan?’ Deur ‘hemel ruim’ as twee woorde te skryf, word ‘n dubbelsinnige betekenis bewerk.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>In teenstelling met die ‘sterre wat smeul’, kom die duisternis in die volgende strofe ter sprake. Die duisternis word negatief beskryf, aangesien dit vergelyk word met ‘n lyk wat in doeke toegevou is. Teenoor die duisternis staan die eerste lig. Die rooidag is ‘met harp en fluit’ wakker gemaak. In Psalm 57:9 vervul die ‘harp en lier’ dieselfde funksie. Die digter van die Afrikaanse teks kies doelbewus die meer uiteenlopende ‘harp en fluit’, omdat ‘harp en lier’ musikaal so na aan mekaar is.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Dan beweeg die gedig na die ‘rasende see’. Die see word as ‘n dogter uitgebeeld wat ‘uit die moederskoot’ gespartel het. Haar magteloosheid teenoor God word deur die werkwoord ‘spartel’ aangedui. Sy is in ‘n kleed toegevou wat uit ‘n donderwolk geweef is, en bedek met ‘n doek van donkerte. Verder vra die digter retoriese vrae na wie die stormwind uit sy skuilplek gejaag het en wie die wolke vol water oor die aarde laat dreun. Die volgende strofe se verwysings na die hael en sneeu as oordeelsmiddele sluit hierby aan.  Retoriese vrae oor wie die mag oor die sterrebeelde het, laat die leser orent sit. Wie beheer die kosmos?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>In ‘n voorlaaste strofe word daar gevra wie engele op mense se paaie stuur. Dié vraag bewerk ’n inclusio, of samekoppeling, deurdat dit die sirkel wat in die eerste strofe begin, voltooi. God se dienaars word uit die hemel aarde toe gestuur.</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Die slotstrofe bied die verrassende antwoord op al die retoriese vrae: ‘God weet, nie die mens nie.’ Om aan te toon hoe ‘n gedig ‘n ander klank en kleur in ‘n ander taal kry, word ‘n vertaling van voormelde werk deur die digter, Cas Vos en vertaler Leon de Kock (n.d.) ook aangebied:</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Creation</Normal>

<Normal>Dialogue with Job 38</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who was it sized up earth’s body</Normal>

<Normal>with the flick of a tape measure?</Normal>

<Normal>Who blew godly breath</Normal>

<Normal>into her lead belly?</Normal>

<Normal>Who now holds her cupped in hand?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who was it invited people from all corners</Normal>

<Normal>to leave behind their curses, their guns</Normal>

<Normal>to dance instead, beating the early hours</Normal>

<Normal>with flags and garish costumes?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who snapped the heavens out wide</Normal>

<Normal>like a flaming mirror burning in the night?</Normal>

<Normal>Who veils mysteries in constellations </Normal>

<Normal>and makes stars smoulder into sight?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who was it took the body of darkness</Normal>

<Normal>and wrapped it up in a winding sheet?</Normal>

<Normal>Who rang the bells for first light?</Normal>

<Normal>Who roused the day with a vermilion sky,</Normal>

<Normal>harp and flute, as it uncurled from mountain’s side?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who comforted the raging sea</Normal>

<Normal>when, brooding and flamboyant,</Normal>

<Normal>it sprawled out of the motherlode?</Normal>

<Normal>Who was it made a dress for her</Normal>

<Normal>from the cloth of thundercloud,</Normal>

<Normal>and from darkness a headscarf?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who harried the stormwind</Normal>

<Normal>out of its hiding place?</Normal>

<Normal>Who was it made the thunderheads</Normal>

<Normal>groan overhead, pregnant with water,</Normal>

<Normal>until they bust their seams?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who built the towers,</Normal>

<Normal>silos for snow and hail?</Normal>

<Normal>Who was it opened the doors</Normal>

<Normal>for the day when blood</Normal>

<Normal>runs in the streets?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who is it sends angels onto human paths</Normal>

<Normal>faint with the scars of death wounds?</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>Who is it sees riddles in a mirror?</Normal>

<Normal>God knows,</Normal>

<Normal>humans, not.</Normal>

<Normal>(De Kock ongepubliseerd)</Normal>

<Normal/>

<Normal>‘N SLOTAKKOORD</Normal>

<Normal>Dié artikel het aangetoon hoe ‘n antieke teks tot nuwe gedigte in Afrikaans en Engels kan lei. Die motiewe in die Jobteks word in ‘n nuwe teks opgeneem deur onder andere die stof te herrangskik om tot ‘n ander begrip van die antieke teks te lei. Die gebruik van nuwe metafore bied ook ‘n nuwe benadering tot die antieke teks. Sodoende kry die Afrikaanse en Engelse gedigte elkeen ’n eie stem en krag.</Normal>

<Normal>LITERATUURVERWYSINGS</Normal>

<References>Anderegg, J., 2007, ‘Hiob und Goethes Faust’, in T. Krüger, M. Oeming, K. Schmid &amp; C. Uehlinger (Hrsg.), Das Buch Hiob und Seine Interpretation: Beiträge zum Hiob-Symposium auf dem Monte Verità vom 14.–19. August 2005, pp. 395–410, Theologischer Verlag Zürich, Zürich.</References>

<References>Berlejung, A., 2006, ‘Meer/Flut/Urflut’, in A. Berlejung &amp; C. Frevel (Hrsg.), Handbuch theologischer Grundbegriffe zum Alten und Neuen Testament (HGANT), pp. 314–315, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt.</References>

<References>Bezuidenhout, L.C., 1986, ‘Struktuur en strekking van die boek Job. Deel II’, DD-tesis, Fakulteit Teologie, Universiteit van Pretoria.</References>

<References>Bodenheimer, A., 2007, ‘Heines Hiob’ [Job volgens Heine], in T. Krüger, M. Oeming, K. Schmid &amp; C. Uehlinger (hrsg), Das Buch Hiob und Seine Interpretation: Beiträge zum Hiob-Symposium auf dem Monte Verità vom 14.–19. August 2005, pp. 411–420, Theologischer Verlag Zürich, Zürich.</References>

<References>Boothe, B., 2007, ‘Die narrative Organisation der Hiob-Erzählung des Alten Testaments und die verdeckte Loyalitätsprobe’ [Die organisering van die narratiewe verhaal van Job, die Ou Testament en die geheime lojaliteit toets],  in T. Krüger, M. Oeming, K. Schmid &amp; C. Uehlinger (Hrsg.), Das Buch Hiob und Seine Interpretation: Beiträge zum Hiob-Symposium auf dem Monte Verità vom 14.–19. August 2005, pp. 499–514, Theologischer Verlag Zürich, Zürich.</References>

<References>Cloete, T.T., 1982, Jukstaposisie, Tafelberg, Kaapstad.</References>

<References>Cloete, T.T., 1985, Allotroop, Tafelberg, Kaapstad.</References>

<References>Cloete, T.T., 1989, Driepas, Tafelberg, Kaapstad.</References>

<References>Cussons, S., 1990, Die knetterende woord, Tafelberg, Kaapstad.</References>

<References>De Kock, L., n.d., ‘Creation’ [Skepping], unpublished poem.</References>

<References>Greenstein, E.L., 2007, ‘Features of Language in the Poetry of Job’ [Taalfunksies in die poësie van Job], in T. Krüger, M. Oeming, K. Schmid &amp; C. Uehlinger (Hrsg.), Das Buch Hiob und Seine Interpretation: Beiträge zum Hiob-Symposium auf dem Monte Verità vom 14.–19. August 2005, pp. 81–96, Theologischer Verlag Zürich, Zürich.</References>

<References>Newsom, C.A., 2007, ‘Dramaturgy and the Book of Job’ [Dramaturgie en die boek van Job],  in T. Krüger, M. Oeming, K. Schmid &amp; C. Uehlinger (Hrsg.), Das Buch Hiob und Seine Interpretation: Beiträge zum Hiob-Symposium auf dem Monte Verità vom 14.-19. August 2005, pp. 375–394, Theologischer Verlag Zürich, Zürich.</References>

<References>Schwienhorst-Schönberger, L., 2007, Ein Weg durch das Lied: Das Buch Ijob [Die boek Job: ‘n Weg deur die lied], Herder, Freiburg. </References>

<References>Vos, C.J.A., 2007, Die afdruk van ons hande, Protea Boekhuis, Pretoria.</References>

<References>Vos, C.J.A., n.d., ‘Skepping’, ongepubliseerde gedig.</References>
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